Thirtyfour: Web Browser Automation In Rust

Writing Your First Browser Automation Code

Before we begin, you’ll need to install Rust. You can do so by using the rustup tool.

Let’s start a new project. Open your terminal application and navigate to the directory where you usually put your source code. Then run these commands:

cargo new --bin my-automation-project
cd my-automation-project

You will see a Cargo.toml file and a src/ directory there already.

First, let’s edit the Cargo.toml file in your editor (e.g. Visual Studio Code) and add some dependencies:

[dependencies]
thirtyfour = "0.37.2"
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }

Great! Now let’s open src/main.rs and add the following code.

NOTE: Make sure you remove any existing code from main.rs.

Don’t worry, we’ll go through what it does soon.

/src/main.rs

use std::error::Error;

use thirtyfour::prelude::*;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
    let driver = WebDriver::managed(DesiredCapabilities::chrome()).await?;

    // Navigate to https://wikipedia.org.
    driver.goto("https://wikipedia.org").await?;
    let elem_form = driver
        .query(By::Id("search-form"))
        .desc("Wikipedia search form")
        .single()
        .await?;

    // Querying from an element scopes the search to its subtree.
    let elem_text = elem_form
        .query(By::Id("searchInput"))
        .desc("Wikipedia search input")
        .single()
        .await?;

    // Type in the search terms.
    elem_text.send_keys("selenium").await?;

    // Click the search button.
    let elem_button = elem_form
        .query(By::Css("button[type='submit']"))
        .desc("Wikipedia search button")
        .single()
        .await?;
    elem_button.click().await?;

    // Wait for the unique article heading before checking the title.
    driver
        .query(By::ClassName("firstHeading"))
        .desc("Wikipedia article heading")
        .single()
        .await?;
    assert_eq!(driver.title().await?, "Selenium - Wikipedia");

    // Always explicitly close the browser.
    driver.quit().await?;

    Ok(())
}

Selector note: Wikipedia is a third-party site, so this example uses the stable IDs, element types, and classes that the real page exposes. In an app you control, add stable data-testid hooks to important controls and prefer By::Testid:

#![allow(unused)]
fn main() {
let save_button = driver
    .query(By::Testid("settings-save"))
    .desc("settings save button")
    .single()
    .await?;
}

See Element Queries for the selector priority and guidance on text matching and XPath.

Make sure Chrome is installed, then run:

cargo run

If everything worked correctly you should have seen a Chrome browser window open up, navigate to the “Selenium” article on Wikipedia, and then close again.

The first run will take a few seconds longer than subsequent runs — thirtyfour downloads a matching chromedriver into your system cache directory the first time, then reuses it on every later run. See WebDriver Manager for the version-pinning, offline-mode, and observability options that the manager provides.

Running on Firefox

To run the code using Firefox instead, change the capabilities in main:

#![allow(unused)]
fn main() {
    let driver = WebDriver::managed(DesiredCapabilities::firefox()).await?;
}

Make sure Firefox is installed, and re-run:

cargo run

If everything worked correctly, you should have seen the Wikipedia page open up on Firefox this time.

Congratulations! You successfully automated a web browser.

Before building a larger suite, copy the short Reliable AI-Generated Tests checklist into your coding-agent instructions or project guidance. It captures the reliability rules used by this example and links to the deeper documentation for each one.